New Chronology (Rohl)
The New Chronology is an alternative chronology of the ancient Near East developed by English Egyptologist David Rohl and other researchers[1][2] beginning with A Test of Time: The Bible - from Myth to History in 1995. It contradicts mainstream Egyptology by proposing a major revision of the established Egyptian chronology, in particular by re-dating Egyptian kings of the Nineteenth through Twenty-fifth Dynasties, bringing forward conventional dating by up to 350 years. Rohl asserts that the New Chronology allows him to identify some of the characters in the Hebrew Bible with people whose names appear in archaeological finds. The New Chronology is an alternative chronology of the ancient Near East developed by English Egyptologist David Rohl and other researchers[1][2] beginning with A Test of Time: The Bible - from Myth to History in 1995. It contradicts mainstream Egyptology by proposing a major revision of the established Egyptian chronology, in particular by re-dating Egyptian kings of the Nineteenth through Twenty-fifth Dynasties, bringing forward conventional dating by up to 350 years. Rohl asserts that the New Chronology allows him to identify some of the characters in the Hebrew Bible with people whose names appear in archaeological finds. The New Chronology is an alternative chronology of the ancient Near East developed by English Egyptologist David Rohl and other researchers[1][2] beginning with A Test of Time: The Bible - from Myth to History in 1995. It contradicts mainstream Egyptology by proposing a major revision of the established Egyptian chronology, in particular by re-dating Egyptian kings of the Nineteenth through Twenty-fifth Dynasties, bringing forward conventional dating by up to 350 years. Rohl asserts that the New Chronology allows him to identify some of the characters in the Hebrew Bible with people whose names appear in archaeological finds.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Chronology_(Rohl)
Personal identifications
Rohl identifies:
Nebkaure Khety IV (16th Pharaoh of the 10th Dynasty) with the Pharaoh who had dealings with Abraham.
Amraphel (Genesis 14) with Amar-Sin, king of Sumer (1834-1825 BC/BCE by Rohl's chronology).
Tidal (Bible), King of Goyim/King of Nations (Genesis 14), with Tishdal, Hurrian ruler from the Zagros mountains.
Zariqum, governor of Ashur, with king Arioch of Ellasar.
Kutir-Lagamar of Elam with Chedorlaomer of Elam.
Amenemhat III with the Pharaoh of Joseph, and Joseph with the vizier of Amenemhat III.
The "new king who did not know Joseph" in Exodus 1:8 is identified by Rohl with Sobekhotep III.[30]
Neferhotep I with the adoptive grandfather of Moses.
Khanefere Sebekhotep IV, brother and successor of Neferhotep, with Khenephres, the Pharaoh from whom Moses fled to Midian.
The Pharaoh of the Exodus with Manetho's Tutimaeus, whom Rohl identifies with Dedumose II.[31]
Ibni, Middle Bronze Age ruler of Hazor, with Jabin, king of Hazor in Joshua 11:10.
Akish or Achish, king of Gath, is identified with Šuwardata, King of Gath in the Amarna letters. Akish is believed to be a shortened form of the Hurrian name Akishimige, "the Sun God has given." Shuwardata is an Indo-European name meaning "the Sun God has given."
Aziru of the Amarna Letters is identified with Hadadezer, Syrian king in II Samuel.
Labaya, a ruler in the Amarna Letters, with King Saul.
King David with Dadua in Amarna Letter EA 256.
Mutbaal, writer of the letter, is identified with Ishbaal (aka Ishbosheth). The two names have exactly the same meaning: "Man of Baal." Following the death of his father (Labaya/Saul), Mutbaal/Ishbaal moved his center to Transjordan.
"The Sons of Labaya," in the Amarna Letter 250, with Mutbaal/Ishbaal and David/Dadua, the latter being the son-in-law of Labaya/Shaul.
Benemina, also mentioned in EA 256, is identified by Rohl with Baanah, Israelite chieftain in II Samuel 4, who would later betray and assassinate Ishbosheth.
Yishuya, also mentioned in EA 256, is identified with Jesse (Ishai in Hebrew), father of David.
Ayyab, the subject of EA 256, is held to be the same as the Biblical Yoav (English "Joab").
Lupakku ("Man of Pakku"), Aramean army commander in the Amarna Letters, with Shobach (II Samuel 10:15-19, I Chronicles 19:16, 18) ("He of Pakku"), Aramean army commander in the Bible.
Nefertiti with Neferneferuaten and with Smenkhkare.
Horemheb is identified with the Pharaoh who destroyed Gezer and later gave it to Solomon, together with one of his daughters as a wife. When Horemhab took Gezer he was not yet the ruler, but was acting under Tutankhamun. However, he became Pharaoh not long after, and Tutankhamun died too young to have left any marriageable daughters.
Ramses II (hypocoristicon = Shysha) with Shishaq in the Bible.
Irsu the Syrian, who took over control of Egypt according to the Harris Papyrus, with Arza, Master of the Palace of Israel according to I Kings 16:8-10.
Sheshi, a Hyksos ruler, with Sheshai, a ruler of Hebron descended from Anak (Joshua 15:13-15).
Io of the Line of Inachus with Queen Ahhotep of the 17th Dynasty of Egypt at Waset
Cadmus of Thebes with Cadmus in the line of Pelasgian rulers of Crete
Inachus with Anak-idbu Khyan of the Greater Hyksos
Auserre Apepi of the Greater Hyksos with Epaphus
Cush, son of biblical Ham with Meskiagkasher of the First Dynasty of Uruk
Nimrod, son of biblical Cush with Enmerkar ('Enmer the Hunter') of the First Dynasty of Uruk
Geographical identifications
Rohl, in addition to his chronology, also has some geographical ideas that are different from the conventional notions. These include:
The Garden of Eden (the urheimat [homeland] of the Sumerians), according to Rohl, was located in what is now northwestern Iran, between Lake Urmia and the Caspian Sea.[32]
The Tower of Babel, according to Rohl, was built in the ancient Sumerian capital of Eridu.[33]
The site of the ancient city of Sodom is "a little over 100 metres beneath the surface of the Dead Sea," a few kilometers south-by-southeast from En-Gedi.[34]
The Amalekites defeated by King Saul were not the ones living in the Negev and/or the Sinai, but a northern branch of this people, "in the territory of Ephraim, on the highlands of Amalek" - or, in an alternative translation "in the Land of Ephraim, the mountains of the Amalekites" (Judges 12:15). This is supported by the report that, immediately following his destruction of the Amalekites, "Saul went to Carmel and set up a monument" (I Samuel 15:12). Once Saul is removed from the Negev and the Sinai, "Saul's kingdom as described in the Bible is precisely the area ruled over by Labaya according to the el-Amarna letters."[35]